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The formation of endogenous autacoids derived from ω-3 PUFA may explain in part the well-known, essential roles of the ω-3 PUFA in human health and disease. More importantly the contribution of novel SPM to the benefits derived from dietary ω-3 FA are beginning to be appreciated with the identification of resolvins as potent autacoids that regulate the resolution phase of the acute inflammatory response [148]. The resolution phase of inflammation has its own regulation involving specific changes in cellular activity, and employment of specific lipid mediators and proteins. The novel endogenous structures of the resolvins, protectins and maresins as a genus function in this milieu, regulating both early (neutrophil traffic) and late responses (macrophage uptake and clearance of apoptotic granulocytes). Resolution is activated and accelerated by SPM, and both experimental animal systems and unbiased resolution indices are now in place to test the activity of pharmacological resolution directed interventions and their impact in active resolution. Further studies which aim to understand lipid mediator biosynthesis, tissue and stimulus-specific molecular signatures of resolution are likely to provide us with new ways to control inflammation and its unwanted side effect namely tissue damage and injury.

Bannenberg GL. Resolvins: Current understanding and future potential in the control of inflammation. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 2009 Sep;12(5):644-58.

An increasing number of studies that address the potent regulatory actions of endogenous ω-3 FA-derived anti-inflammatory mediators may be expected in the near future. The development of stable resolvin, protectin and maresin analogs, which harness the inherent structural features that determine susceptibility to degradation, will unlock the full therapeutic potential of these compounds to activate counter-regulatory and pro-resolving circuits. The development of remedies for inflammatory disease is no longer limited to merely inhibiting inflammation, but can now be rationally addressed through the specific activation of resolution, concurrent dampening of proinflammatory circuits and activation of tissue protection. These novel therapeutic approaches will become increasingly attractive as long as human dietary FA consumption remains essentially out of balance.

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