Inicio / Estudios Omega-3 / 7. Omega-3 en c�ncer


7. Omega-3 en c�ncer

Balkwill FR, Mantovani A. Cancer-related inflammation: common themes and therapeutic opportunities. Semin Cancer Biol. 2012 Feb;22(1):33-40.
Betiati Dda S, de Oliveira PF, Camargo C de Q et al. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on regulatory T cells in hematologic neoplasms. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2013;35(2):119-25.
Chen YQ, Berquin IM, Daniel LW, Edwards IJ, O'Flaherty JT, Thomas MJ, Tooze JA, Wykle B. Omega-3 fatty acids and cancer risk. JAMA. 2006;296:282.
Chen YQ, Edwards IJ, Kridel SJ, Thornburg T, Berquin IM. Dietary fat-gene interactions in cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007;26:535-51.
Das U, Madhavi G, Kumar G, Padma M, Sangeetha P. Can tumour cell drug resistance be reversed by essential fatty acids and their metabolites? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1998;58:39-54.
Gogos CA, Ginopoulos P, Salsa B, Apostolidou E, Zoumbos NC, Kalfarentzos F. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids plus vitamin E restore immunodeficiency and prolong survival for severely ill patients with generalized malignancy: a randomized control trial. Cancer. 1998;82:395-402.
Jump DB, Clarke SD, Thelen A, Liimatta M, Ren B, Badin MV. Dietary fat, genes and human health. Med Biol 1997;422:167-76.
Kamp DW, Shacter E, Weitzman SA. Chronic inflammation and cancer: the role of the mitochondria. Oncology (Williston Park). 2011 Apr 30;25(5):400-10, 413.
Mataix J, Gil A. Libro blanco de los Omega-3: los �cidos grasos poliinsaturados omega 3 y monoinsaturados tipo oleico y su papel en la salud. Madrid: Puleva Food. Panamericana, 2002.
Pratt VC, Watanabe S, Bruera E, et al. Plasma and neutrophil fatty acid composition in advanced cancer patients and response to fish oil supplementation. Br J Cancer. 2002;87:1370-8.
Sargent JR. Fish oils and human diet. Br J Nutr. 1997;78:S5-S13.
Sethi G, Shanmugam MK, Ramachandran L et al. Multifaceted link between cancer and inflammation. Biosci Rep. 2012 Feb;32(1):1-15.
Wei Z, Wang W, Chen J, Yang D, Yan R, Cai Q. A prospective, randomized, controlled study of ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion-based parenteral nutrition for patients following surgical resection of gastric tumors. Nutr J. 2014 Mar 24;13:25.
7.1. Prevenci�n

Larsson SC, Kumlin M, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Wolk A. Dietary long chain n-3 fatty acids for the prevention of cancer: a review of potential mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79: 935-45.
MacLean CH, Newberry SJ, Mojica WA, Khanna P, Issa AM, Suttorp MJ, Lim YW, Traina SB, Hilton L, Garland R, Morton SC. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer risk: a systematic review. JAMA. 2006;295:403-15.
Terry PD, Rohan TE, Wolk A. Intakes of fish and marine fatty acids and the risks of cancers of the breast and prostate and of other hormone-related cancers: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:532-43.
7.2. Tratamiento

Abdi J, Garssen J, Faber J, Redegeld FA. Omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA induce apoptosis and enhance drug sensitivity in multiple myeloma cells but not in normal peripheral mononuclear cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Dec;25(12):1254-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.06.013.
Berquin, I, Edwards IJ, Chen YQ. Multi-targeted Therapy of Cancer by Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Cancer Lett. 2008;269(2):363-77.
Merendino N, Costantini L, Manzi L et al. Dietary ? -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid DHA: a potential adjuvant in the treatment of cancer. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:310186.
Parada B, Reis F, Cerejo R et al. Omega-3 fatty acids inhibit tumor growth in a rat model of bladder cancer. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:368178.
Zhang G, Panigrahy D, Mahakian LM et al. Epoxy metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inhibit angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 16;110(16):6530-5.
7.2.1. Anorexia y caquexia relacionadas con el c�ncer

Bruera E, Strasser F, Palmer JL, Willey J, Calder K, Amyotte G, Baracos V. Effect of fish oil on appetite and other symptoms in patients with advanced cancer and anorexia/cachexia: a doubleblind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:129-34.
Burns CP, Halabi S, Clamon G, Kaplan E, Hohl RJ, Atkins JN, Schwartz MA, Wagner BA, Paskett E. Phase II study of high-dose fish oil capsules for patients with cancer-related cachexia. Cancer. 2004;101:370-8.
Burns CP, Halabi S, Clamon GH, Hars V, Wagner BA, Hohl RJ, Lester E, Kirshner JJ, Vinciguerra V, Paskett E. Phase I clinical study of fish oil fatty acid capsules for patients with cancer cachexia: cancer and leukemia group B study 9473. Clin Cancer Res. 1999;5:3942-7.
Fearon KC, Von Meyenfeldt MF, Moses AG, Van Geenen R, Roy A, Gouma DJ, Giacosa A, Van Gossum A, Bauer J, Barber MD, Aaronson NK, Voss AC, Tisdale MJ. Effect of a protein and energy dense N-3 fatty acid enriched oral supplement on loss of weight and lean tissue in cancer cachexia: a randomised double blind trial. Gut. 2003;52:1479-86.
Harle L, Brown T, Laheru D, Dobs AS. Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of cancer cachexia: issues in designing clinical trials of dietary supplements. J Altern Complement Med. 2005;11:1039-46.
Jatoi A, Rowland K, Loprinzi CL, Sloan JA, Dakhil SR, MacDonald N, Gagnon B, Novotny PJ, Mailliard JA, Bushey TI, Nair S, Christensen B; North Central Cancer Treatment Group. An eicosapentaenoic acid supplement versus megestrol acetate versus both for patients with cancer-associated wasting: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group and National Cancer Institute of Canada collaborative effort. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2469-2476.
Kanat O, Cubukcu E, Avci N et al. Comparison of three different treatment modalities in the management of cancer cachexia. Tumori 2013;99(2):229-233.
Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C, Gramignano G, Lusso MR, Serpe R, Massa E, Astara G, Deiana L. A phase II study with antioxidants, both in the diet and supplemented, pharmaconutritional support, progestagen, and anti-cyclooxygenase-2 showing efficacy and safety in patients with cancer-related anorexia/cachexia and oxidative stress. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15:1030-4.
7.3. De mama

Alfano CM, Imayama I, Neuhouser ML, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Smith AW, Meeske K, McTiernan A, Bernstein L, Baumgartner KB, Ulrich CM, Ballard-Barbash R. Fatigue, Inflammation, and ?-3 and ?-6 Fatty Acid Intake Among Breast Cancer Survivors. JCO. 2012. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4109
Altenburg JD, Siddiqui RA. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids down-modulate CXCR4 expression and function in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res. 2009 Jul;7(7):1013-20.
Badawi AF, El-Sohemy A, Stephen LL, Ghoshai AK, Archer MC. Carcinogenesis. 1998;19:905-10.
Bagga D, Capone S, Wang HJ, Heber D, Lill M, Chap L, Glaspy JA. Dietary modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios in patients with breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997 Aug 6;89(15):1123-31.
Barascu A, Besson P, Le Floch O, Bougnoux P, Jourdan ML. CDK1-cyclin B1 mediates the inhibition of proliferation induced by omega-3 fatty acids in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006 Feb;38(2):196-208. Epub 2005 Sep 15.
Bartsch H, Nair J, Owen RW. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and cancers of the breast and colorectum: emerging evidence for their role as risk modifiers. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20: 2209-18.
Bougnoux P, Germain E, Chaj�s V, Hubert B, Lhuillery C, Le Floch O, Body G, Calais G. Cytotoxic drugs efficacy correlates with adipose tissue docosahexaenoic acidlevel in locally advanced breast carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 1999;79:1765-9.
Bougnoux P, Hajjaju N, Baucher MA, Jordan ML, Goupille C, Body G, LeFoch O. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake during first line chemotherapy improves survival in metastatic breast cancer. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res. 2006;47:1237.
Cao W, Ma Z, Rasenick MM et al. N-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids shift estrogen signaling to inhibit human breast cancer cell growth. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52838.
Dimri M, Bommi PV, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Khandekar JD, Dimri GP. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress expression of EZH2 in breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 2010 Mar;31(3):489-95.
Goodstine SL, Zheng T, Holford TR, Ward BA, Carter D, Owens PH, Mayne ST. Dietary (n-3)/(n-6) fatty acid ratio: possible relationship to premenopausal but not to post-menopausal breast cancer risk in US women. J Nutr. 2003;133:1409-14.
Hammamieh R, Chakraborty N, Miller SA, Waddy E, Barmada M, Das R, Peel SA, Day AA, Jett M. Differential effects of omega-3 and omega-6 Fatty acids on gene expression in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007 Jan;101(1):7-16.
Hidaka BH, Li S, Harvey KE, Carlson SE, Sullivan DK, Kimler BF, Zalles CM, Fabian CJ. Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Blood and Breast Tissue of High-Risk Women and Association with Atypical Cytomorphology. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2015 Feb 23. pii: canprevres.0351.2014.
Isbilen B, Fraser SP, Djamgoz MB. Docosahexaenoic acid (omega-3) blocks voltage-gated sodium channel activity and migration of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006;38(12):2173-82.
Khankari NK, Bradshaw PT, Steck SE, He K, Olshan AF, Shen J, Ahn J, Chen Y, Ahsan H, Terry MB, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Santella RM, Gammon MD. Dietary intake of fish, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and survival after breast cancer: A population-based follow-up study on Long Island, New York. Cancer. 2015 Mar 24. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29329.
Kim J, Lim SY, Shin A, Sung MK, Ro J, Kang HS, Lee KS, Kim SW, Lee ES. Fatty fish and fish omega-3 fatty acid intakes decrease the breast cancer risk: a case-control study. BMC Cancer. 2009 Jun 30;9:216.
Lorgeril M, Salen P. Helping women to good health: breast cancer, omega-3/omega-6 lipids, and related lifestyle factors. BMC Medicine. 2014;12:54.
Maillard V, Bougnoux P, Ferrari P, Jourdan ML, Pinault M, Lavillonni�re F, Body G, Le Floch O, Chaj�s V.. n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in breast adipose tissue and relative risk of breast cancer in a case-control study in Tours, France. Int J Cancer. 2002;98:78-83.
Manni A, Richie JP Jr, Xu H et al. Influence of omega-3 fatty acids on Tamoxifen-induced suppression of rat mammary carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer. 2013 Sep 30.
Menendez JA, Lupu R, Colomer R. Exogenous supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) synergistically enhances taxane cytotoxicity and downregulates Her-2/neu (c-erbB-2) oncogene expression in human breast cancer cells. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2005 Jun;14(3):263-70.
Men�ndez JA, Ropero S, Mehmi I, Atlas E, Colomer R, Lupu R. Overexpression and hyperactivity of breast cancer- ssociated fatty acid synthase (oncogenic antigen-519) is insensitive to normal arachidonic fatty acid-induced suppression in lipogenic tissues but it is selectively inhibited by tumoricidal alpha-linolenic and gamma-linolenic fatty acia novel mechanism by which dietary fat can alter mammary tumorigenesis. Int J Oncol 2004; 24: 1369-83).
Men�ndez JA, V�zquez-Mart�n A, Ropero S, Colomer R, Lupu R. HER2 (erbB-2)-targeted effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), in breast cancer cells: the "fat features" of the "Mediterranean diet" as an "anti-HER2 cocktail". Clin Transl Oncol. 2006 Nov;8(11):812-20.
Moore NG, Wang-Johanning F, Chang PL, Johanning GL. Omega-3 fatty acids decrease protein kinase expression in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2001 Jun;67(3):279-83.
Platet N, Prevostel C, Derocq D, Joubert D, Rochefort H, Garc�a M. Breast cancer cell invasiveness: correlation with PKCactivity and differential regulation by phorbol ester in ER positive and negative cells. Int J Cancer. 1998; 75:750-6.
Rose DP, Connolly JM, Coleman M. Effect of n-3 fatty acids on the progression pf metastases after excision of human breast cancer cell solid tumors growing in nude mice. Clin Cancer Res. 1996;2:1751-6.
Schley PD, Jijon HB, Robinson LE, Field CJ. Mechanisms of omega-3 fatty acid-induced growth inhibition in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005 Jul;92(2):187-95.
Siguel EN. Re: Dietary modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios in patients with breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Apr 15;90(8):629-31
Simonsen N, van't Veer P, Strain JJ, Martin-Moreno JM, Huttunen JK, Navajas JF, Martin BC, Thamm M, Kardinaal AF, Kok FJ, Kohlmeier L. Adipose tissue omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid content and breast cancer in the EURAMIC study. European Community Multicenter Study on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction, and Breast Cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Feb 15;147(4):342-52.
Stoll BA. n-3 fatty acids and lipid peroxidation in breast cancer inhibition. Br J Nutr 2002; 87:193-198.
Sun H, Berquin IM, Edwards IJ. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate syndecan-1 expression in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2005 May 15;65(10):4442-7.
Thi�baut AC, Chaj�s V, Gerber M, Boutron-Ruault MC, Joulin V, Lenoir G, Berrino F, Riboli E, B�nichou J, Clavel-Chapelon F. Dietary intakes of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2009 Feb 15;124(4):924-31.
Wang M, Liu YE, Ni J, Aygun B, Goldberg ID, Shi YE. Induction of mammary differentiation by mammary-derived growth inhibitor-related gene that interacts with an omega-3 fatty acid on growth inhibition of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2000 Nov 15;60(22):6482-7.
Wu M, Harvey KA, Ruzmetov N, Welch ZR, Sech L, Jackson K, Stillwell W, Zaloga GP, Siddiqui RA. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate breast cancer growth through activation of a neutral sphingomyelinase-mediated pathway. Int J Cancer. 2005 Nov 10;117(3):340-8.
Wu S, Guo Y, Wu Y, Zhu S, He Z, Chen YQ. Omega-3 free fatty acids inhibit tamoxifen-induced cell apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015 Apr 3;459(2):294-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.103.
Yee LD, Lester JL, Cole RM, Richardson JR, Hsu JC, Li Y, Lehman A, Belury MA, Clinton SK. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements in women at high risk of breast cancer have dose-dependent effects on breast adipose tissue fatty acid composition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1185-94.
Zheng JS, Hu XJ, Zhao YM, Yang J, Li D. Intake of fish and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of breast cancer: meta-analysis of data from 21 independent prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2013 Jun 27;346:f3706.
7.4. De pr�stata

Allaire J, Moreel X, Labont� M�, L�ger C, Caron A, Julien P, Lamarche B, Fradet V. Validation of the omega-3 fatty acid intake measured by a web-based food frequency questionnaire against omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cells in men with prostate cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015 Mar 11. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.7.
Aronson WJ, Glaspy JA, Reddy ST, Reese D, Heber D, Bagga D. Modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated ratios with dietary fish oils in men with prostate cancer. Urology. 2001 Aug;58(2):283-8.
Berquin IM, Min Y, Wu R, Wu J, Perry D, Cline JM, Thomas MJ, Thornburg T, Kulik G, Smith A, Edwards IJ, D'Agostino R, Zhang H, Wu H, Kang JX, Chen YQ. Modulation of prostate cancer genetic risk by omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. J Clin Invest. 2007;117(7):1866-75.
Brouwer IA. Omega-3 PUFA: good or bad for prostate cancer? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2008 Sep-Nov;79(3-5):97-9.
Demark-Wahnefried W, Robertson CN, Walther PJ, Polascik TJ, Paulson DF, Vollmer RT. Pilot study to explore effects of low-fat, flaxseed-supplemented diet on proliferation of benign prostatic epithelium and prostate-specific antigen. Urology. 2004;63:900-4.
Fradet V, Cheng I, Casey G, Witte JS. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids, cyclooxygenase-2 genetic variation, and aggressive prostate cancer risk. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15(7): 2559-66.
Gu Z, Suburu J, Chen H et al. Mechanisms of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Prostate Cancer Prevention. ioMed Research International. Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 824563, 10 pages
Harvei S, Bjerve KS, Tretli S, Jellum E, Robsahm TE, Vatten L. Prediagnostic level of fatty acids in serum phospholipids: omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and the risk of prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 1997 May 16;71(4):545-51.
Kobayashi N, Barnard RJ, Henning SM, Elashoff D, Reddy ST, Cohen P, Leung P, Hong-Gonzalez J, Freedland SJ, Said J, Gui D, Seeram NP, Popoviciu LM, Bagga D, Heber D, Glaspy JA, Aronson WJ. Effect of altering dietary omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratios on prostate cancer membrane composition, cyclooxygenase-2, and prostaglandin E2. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Aug 1;12(15):4662-70.
Liu Z, Hopkins MM, Zhang Z, Quisenberry CB, Fix LC, Galvan BM, Meier KE. Omega-3 fatty acids and other FFA4 agonists inhibit growth factor signaling in human prostate cancer cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015 Feb;352(2):380-94.
Moreel X Xm, Allaire J, L�ger C, Caron A, Labont� ME, Lamarche B, Julien P, Desmeules P, T�tu B, Fradet V. Prostatic and dietary omega-3 fatty acids and prostate cancer progression during active surveillance. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2014 May 13. pii: canprevres.0349.2013. [Epub ahead of print]
Pandalai PK, Pilat MJ, Yamazaki K, Naik H, Pienta KJ. The effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on in vitro prostate cancer growth. Anticancer Res. 1996 Mar-Apr;16(2):815-20.
7.5. De pulm�n

Finocchiaro C, Segre O, Fadda M et al. Effect of n-3 fatty acids on patients with advanced lung cancer: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Nutr. 2012 Jul;108(2):327-33.
S�nchez-Rodr�guez P, Rodr�guez MC, S�nchez-Yag�e J. Identification of potential erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers of advanced lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol. 2015 Feb 22.
7.6. De colon

American Association for CAncer Research. Omega-3 Fatty Acids May Reduce Risk of Colon Cancer. ScienceDaily. Dec 2009.
Bartoli GM, Palozza P, Marra G, Armelao F, Franceschelli P, Luberto C, Sgarlata E, Piccioni E, Anti M. n-3 PUFA and alpha-tocopherol control of tumor cell proliferation. Mol Aspects Med. 1993;14:247-52.
Bartram HP, Gostner A, Reddy BS, Rao CV, Scheppach W, Dusel G, Richter A, Richter F, Kasper H. Missing anti-proliferative effect of fish oil on rectal epithelium in healthy volunteers consuming a high-fat diet: potential role of the n-3:n-6 fatty acid ratio. Eur J Cancer Prev 1995;4:231-237.
Bartram HP, Gostner A, Scheppach W, Reddy BS, Rao CV, Dusel G, Richter F, Richter A, Kasper H. Effects of fish oil on rectal cell proliferation, mucosal fatty acids, and prostaglandin E2 release in healthy subjects. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:1317-22.
Bathen TF, Holmgren K, Lundemo AG, Hjelstuen MH, Krokan HE, Gribbestad IS, Sch�nberg SA. Omega-3 fatty acids suppress growth of SW620 human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice. Anticancer Res. 2008 Nov-Dec;28(6A):3717-23.
Chapkin RS, McMurray DN, Lupton JR. Colon cancer, fatty acids and anti-inflammatory compounds. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2007;23:48-54.
Fasano E, Serini S, Piccioni E et al. DHA induces apoptosis by altering the expression and cellular location of GRP78 in colon cancer cell lines. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Nov;1822(11):1762-72.
Janakiram NB, Mohammed A, Rao CV. Role of lipoxins, resolvins, and other bioactive lipids in colon and pancreatic cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2011 Dec;30(3-4):507-23.
Kim S, Sandler DP, Galanko J, Martin C, Sandler RS. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and distal large bowel cancer risk in whites and African Americans. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(9):969-79.
Piazzi G, D'Argenio G, Prossomariti A, Lembo V, Mazzone G, Candela M, Biagi E, Brigidi P, Vitaglione P, Fogliano V, D'Angelo L, Fazio C, Munarini A, Belluzzi A, Ceccarelli C, Chieco P, Balbi T, Loadman PM, Hull MA, Romano M, Bazzoli F, Ricciardiello L. Eicosapentaenoic acid free fatty acid prevents and suppresses colonic neoplasia in colitis-associated colorectal cancer acting on Notch signaling and gut microbiota. Int J Cancer. 2014 Mar 19.
Song M, Nishihara R, Wu K, Qian ZR, Kim SA, Sukawa Y, Mima K, Inamura K, Masuda A, Yang J, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci EL, Ogino S, Chan AT. Marine ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer According to Microsatellite Instability. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015 Mar 25;107(4). pii: djv007. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djv007.
Yang K, Li H, Dong J, Dong Y, Wang CZ. �Expression profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids in colorectal cancer.� World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 28;21(8):2405-12. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i8.2405.
7.7. De h�gado

Smith RJ. Nutrition and metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2013 Apr;2(2):89-96.
Fiala M. Curcumin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Enhance NK Cell-Induced Apoptosis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells but Curcumin Inhibits Interferon-γ Production: Benefits of Omega-3 with Curcumin against Cancer. Molecules. 2015 Feb 12;20(2):3020-6. doi: 10.3390/molecules20023020.
Griffitts J, Saunders D, Tesiram YA et al. Non-mammalian fat-1 gene prevents neoplasia when introduced to a mouse hepatocarcinogenesis model: Omega-3 fatty acids prevent liver neoplasia. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Oct;1801(10):1133-44.
Sawada N, Inoue M, Iwasaki M et al. Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Group. Consumption of n-3 fatty acids and fish reduces risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jun;142(7):1468-75.
Sun SN, Jia WD, Chen H et al. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2013;6(2):281-9.
7.8. De piel

Lou YR, Peng QY, Li T et al. Effects of high-fat diets rich in either omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids on UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice. Carcinogenesis. 2011 Jul;32(7):1078-84.
Pilkington SM, Massey KA, Bennett SP et al. Randomized controlled trial of oral omega-3 PUFA in solar-simulated radiation-induced suppression of human cutaneous immune responses. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Mar;97(3):646-52.
Serini S, Fasano E, Piccioni E et al. DHA induces apoptosis and differentiation in human melanoma cells in vitro: involvement of HuR-mediated COX-2 mRNA stabilization and �-catenin nuclear translocation. Carcinogenesis. 2012 Jan;33(1):164-73.
van der Pols JC, Xu C, Boyle GM et al. Serum omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and cutaneous p53 expression in an Australian population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(3):530-536.
Zajdel A, Wilczok A, Chodurek E et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit melanoma cell growth in vitro. Acta Pol Pharm. 2013 Mar-Apr;70(2):365-9.






  • Entidades colaboradoras: